When is third molar surgery necessary?

Third molar surgery, commonly known as wisdom teeth extraction, is a common dental procedure. These teeth typically erupt between the ages of 17 and 25 , but in many cases, they don't have enough room to erupt properly. This can lead to pain, inflammation, and recurrent infections . According to the American Dental Association (ADA), approximately 85% of people need to have at least one of their third molars removed due to alignment or crowding issues (American Dental Association, 2020).

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The procedure is recommended when the molars are impacted or semi-erupted , as these conditions are more likely to accumulate bacteria, which can lead to infections. Extraction is also recommended in cases of dental crowding , when the molars push against adjacent teeth, affecting dental alignment. A study published in the Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery notes that preventive extraction reduces the likelihood of long-term periodontal problems (Blakey et al., 2021).

What symptoms indicate that you should consider this surgery?

If you experience pain in the back of your mouth, swelling, difficulty opening your mouth, or persistent bad breath , you may need extraction. In more severe cases, retained teeth can cause cysts or damage to the jawbone , requiring more complex surgery.

The surgical procedure involves an incision in the gum, removal of the surrounding bone, and extraction of the tooth , either completely or in fragments. It is performed under local anesthesia or conscious sedation, depending on the complexity of the case. The procedure lasts between 30 and 60 minutes on average.

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The postoperative period requires specific care, such as rest, ice, and a soft diet for the first few days. It's also essential to avoid smoking and drinking hot beverages to prevent complications such as dry socket , a painful condition caused by premature loss of a blood clot.

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Third molar surgery is a safe and routine procedure when indicated by a specialist. If you experience recurring symptoms or alignment issues, consult a dentist to evaluate the need for this procedure. You can schedule an evaluation by clicking here .

References

American Dental Association. (2020). Wisdom tooth extraction: Guidelines and recommendations . Retrieved from www.ada.org

Blakey, G.H., Marciani, R.D., Haug, R.H., & Phillips, C. (2021). Periodontal outcomes after third molar surgery: A randomized controlled trial . Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 79(4), 512-519.